Laxatives are used for curing chronic constipation & anorectal Disturbance
Laxatives crude drugs
•Aloes
•Rhubarb
•Castor oil
•Ispaghula
•Senna
Aloes
Synonyms
Mussabar, Kumari, Aloes
Biological source:
Aloe vera is the dried juice Acquired from the leaves of various species of aloe sach as
Aloe perryi
Aloe Africana family Liliaceae
Aloe barbadensis
Chemical constituents of aloe
• 30% of aloin which is mixture of barbaloin, β-barbaloin , isobarbaloin
• Barbaloin is crystalline glycoside which is Few yellow color, bitter in taste & water soluble
• Aloe-emodin anthrone and glucose are hydrolysis Development of barbaloin
• Aloe-emodin anthranol & aloe-emodin are present in aloe.
Chemical test
Schonteten's test:
(5ml) aqueous solution of aloe + borax(0.2gm) & heated to dissolve completely. Some drops of the resultant are inserted in test tube filled with water. Green fluorescence is produced
Bromine test:
Pale yellow encourage of tetrabromaloin is formed on adding bromine to watery solution of aloe
Nitrous test:
Aq. solution of aloe + small amounts of sodium nitrite & few ml acetic acid appear then Pink colour form.
Therapeutic efficacy
1) aloe gel is stabilised and added with a preservative to be used in the form of pure gel and applied as a lotion.
2} Its gel is effectively used in stomach and mouth ulcers.
3} Its' gel is also helpful in treating burns and aiding wound healing.
4} Ointment of aloe gel is used in the treatment of skin irritations, burns caused by sun heat or radiation.
5} Enzymes obtained by extracting its gel possess analgesic properties, and have show to inhibit thermal damage and vascular permeability in mice.
6} it shows antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, emollient, and moisturising effects, thus can be used dermatologically.
7} It is used as a purgative because of its intensely irritating effects on the delica mucosal lining.
8} It contains polysaccharides which serve as soothing and immunostimulating agents.
9} It contains anthraquinone derivatives which show antibacterial property.
10} It is one of the ingredients of compound Benzoin Tincture in which it is pharmaceutical adjunct.
11} Its fresh leaf pulp has antioxidant property.
12} Its cream effectively reduces the clinical symptoms of psoriasis and UV-induce erythema
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Rhubarb
Synonyms :
Rheum; Rhizome-Rhei; Rhubarb-Rhizome
Biological Source :
Rhubarb consists of rhizome
Rheum palmatum Linn. and other species of Rheum, excepting Rheum. rhaponticum, Indian Rhubarb comprises of the dried rhizomes of Rheum emodi. Wall or Rheum webbianum Royle.
family- Polygonaceae
It is collected from 6 to eight year old plants, just before the flowering season and sold with cortex or in partially decorticated form,
Organoleptic Characters :
Colour:-(Brown or yellow)
Odour : Fragrant
Taste : Bitter and astringent
Chemical Constituents:
Rhubarb comprises number of anthraquinone subsidiaries and their salts. The individual components of rhubarb are chrysophanol, aloe-emodin, rhein and physicon. These happen as glycosides of quinone, anthrone and dianthrone. Rhubarb also Constituted cinnamic acid, gallic acid, rhein acids, and calcium oxalate. Rhubarb Produce to alcohol about 40 % of extractives
Chemical Tests:
1. By addition of NH3, it acquires pink colour.
2. Rhubarb + 5 % potassium hydroxide→ blood red color appear.
3. Under U. V radiation Rheum-emodi gives brown colouration.
4. Borntrager's test use for anthraquinone present in rhubarb.
Therapeutic efficacy :
Rhubarb is an Amiable laxative, Its activity resembles that of cascara. It contains tannins and thus give astringent impact after purgation. It is likewise stomachic in Lower portions.
It's root is helpful for treating chronic constipation, diarrhoea, live, gall bladder complaints, haemorrhoid, menstrual problem
It acts as astringent tonic to the digestive system in small doses while in larger doses it act as mild laxative.
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Castor oil
Synonyms
ricinus oil, oil of palma, and oleum ricini.
Biological Source
Castor oil is acquired by cool articulation or extractions from the seeds of Ricinus communis Linn. Famiļy - Euphorbiaceae
Chemical Constituents
Castor oil contains about 80% of triglyceride of ricinoleic acid. The fatty acids present a the drug are isoricinoleic, linoleic, stearic and isostearic acids. Ricinoleic acid is possible for the viscosity of castor oil.
Heptaldehyde (heptanal) , undecenoic acid, and sebacic acid are also constituents of castor oil. Castor seeds contains kernel (75%) and hull (25%). The seeds are rich in posphorus zd most of it is in the form of phytin. Hull contains excess of minerals ard an alkaloid scinine, resin, pigment, etc. Kemel contains 36-60% of oil. Castor seeds additionally contain zymes like lipase, maltase, and invertase. The proteinous constituent of castor seeds is ricin (3% of the whole seeds) whách is toxic.
Chemical Tests
The oil mixes with half of its volume of light petroleum ether at 40-60 C.
A clear liquid is acquired when an equal volume of ethanol is added to the castor oil.
3) The liquid obtained above remains clear when cooled at 0°C and stored for 3 hours.
therapeutic efficacy of castor oil
It acts as a cathartic due to the irritant action of ricinoleic acid.
2) Comercially, it is used for lubrication.
3) Here and there it is devoured orally as a fragrant castor oil or as containers.
4 It is an ingredient of abortifacient paste, and ricinoleic acid is an component in contraceptive creams and jellies.
5 Atropine and cocaine used for ophthalmic purposes are suspended in it.
6 Salphorecinolate is a strong bactericide, in this way, used in tooth formulation.
7 On a commercial scale, it is used for manufacturing sebacic acid (a raw material for synthesis of resins).
8 Undecylenic acid which is a fungicide is prepared from castor oil.
9 Castor cake is the source of lipase enzyme.
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